Category: Sustainable Settlement and Agriculture

The Generator is founded on the simple premise that we should leave the world in better condition than we found it. The news items in this category outline the attempts people have made to do this. They are mainly concerned with our food supply and settlement patterns. The impact that the human race has on the planet.

  • New frog, gecko and spider found in New Guinea

    Kaijende Highlands and Hewa Wilderness, Papua New Guinea  

    Sourced from Conservation International

    In 2008, Conservation International (CI) led a Rapid Assessment Program (RAP) expedition to the Kaijende highlands and Hewa wilderness of Papua New Guinea (PNG). It was a truly a collaborative effort with CI’s specialists being joined by other scientists from both PNG and institutions such as the University of British Columbia’s Beaty Biodiversity Museum to explore the region alongside members of the local communities.

    LEARN MORE: Follow CI’s previous expedition to the Kaijende Highlands.

    As part of the expedition, Montclair State University anthropologist Dr. William Thomas worked with the local Hewa clans to document the natural history and local knowledge of these resources as part of the “Forest Stewards” project, an initiative started by Dr. Thomas and CI’s Dr. Bruce Beehler.

    IN DEPTH: Learn more about CI’s work with local communities.

    During the survey more than 600 species were documented over a number of different taxonomic groups including; amphibians, mammals, birds, reptiles, plants, and invertebrates. Of the discoveries made, a large number of species were found to be potentially new to science, and of these many are now being published and given scientific names and can now be confirmed as new.

    The final results will provide decision makers with the tools necessary to enable them to balance development with protecting biodiversity that benefits both the local communities and the global ecosystem.

    Species found include:

    Invertebrates

     

    This jumping spider was found in the rainforest of the highlands wilderness in Papua New Guinea.

     

    Jumping spiders can jump to a height of at least 6 inches using blood pressure in their legs.

     

    URoballus jumping spider

    Nothing is known about the ecology of this species of jumping spider.

    Cucudeta jumping spider

    This small jumping spider that vaguely resembles an ant was found among leaves on the ground of the dense rainforest at Tualapa.

    Yamangalea jumping spider

    This species belongs to the subfamily Cocalodinae, a highly distinctive group unique to New Guinea and region that previously had only two known genera.

    Tabuina rufa jumping spider

    This jumping spider was found on a tree in the rainforest. It is not only a species new to science, but Tabuina is a genus new to science.

    Amphibians

     

    This is a large and spectacular new frog and was discovered next to a clear running mountain river.

     

    Frogs from this group can be extremely variable in their appearance, and the sound of their call is one of the best ways both to distinguish among the species.

     

     

    Oreophryne frog

    This tiny species with a sharp chirping call is known only from limestone hills, where it was first found.

    Reptiles

     

    A beautiful gecko known only from a single specimen collected in dense rainforest at Tualapa in the Strickland River headwaters.

  • Robot fish to detect marine pollution

    LONDON (Reuters) – Robot fish developed by British scientists are to be released into the sea off north Spain to detect pollution.

    If next year’s trial of the first five robotic fish in the northern Spanish port of Gijon is successful, the team hopes they will be used in rivers, lakes and seas across the world.

    The carp-shaped robots, costing 20,000 pounds ($29,000) apiece, mimic the movement of real fish and are equipped with chemical sensors to sniff out potentially hazardous pollutants, such as leaks from vessels or underwater pipelines.

    They will transmit the information back to shore using Wi-Fi technology.

    Unlike earlier robotic fish, which needed remote controls, they will be able to navigate independently without any human interaction.

    Rory Doyle, senior research scientist at engineering company BMT Group, which developed the robot fish with researchers at Essex University, said there were good reasons for making a fish-shaped robot, rather than a conventional mini-submarine.

    “In using robotic fish we are building on a design created by hundreds of millions of years’ worth of evolution which is incredibly energy efficient,” he said.

    “This efficiency is something we need to ensure that our pollution detection sensors can navigate in the underwater environment for hours on end.”

    The robot fish will be 1.5 meters (nearly 5 feet) long — roughly the size of a seal.

    (Reporting by Ben Hirschler, editing by Tim Pearce)

  • Indians march against Monsanto

    And they have done and are doing a bucket load of things to keep farmers and everyone else from having any access at all to buying, collecting, and saving of NORMAL seeds. 

    1.  They’ve bought up the seed companies across the Midwest.

    2.  They’ve written Monsanto seed laws and gotten legislators to put them through, that make cleaning, collecting and storing of seeds so onerous in terms of fees and paperwork and testing and tracking every variety and being subject to fines, that having normal seed becomes almost impossible (an NAIS approach to wiping out normal seeds). Does your state have such a seed law? Before they existed, farmers just collected the seeds and put them in sacks in the shed and used them the next year, sharing whatever they wished with friends and neighbors, selling some if they wanted. That’s been killed.

    In Illinois, which has such a seed law, Madigan, the Speaker of the House, his staff is Monsanto lobbyists. 

    3.  Monsanto is pushing anti-democracy laws (Vilsack’s brainchild, actually) that remove community’ control over their own counties so farmers and citizens can’t block the planting of GMO crops even if they can contaminate other crops. So if you don’t want a GM-crop that grows industrial chemicals or drugs or a rice growing with human DNA in it, in your area and mixing with your crops, tough luck.

    Check the map of just where the Monsanto/Vilsack laws are and see if your state is still a democracy or is Monsanto’s. A farmer in Illinois told me he heard that Bush had pushed through some regulation that made this true in every state. People need to check on that.

    4.  For sure there are Monsanto regulations buried in the FDA right now that make a farmer’s seed cleaning equipment illegal (another way to leave nothing but GM-seeds) because it’s now considered a “source of seed contamination.” Farmer can still seed clean but the equipment now has to be certified and a farmer said it would require a million to a million and half dollar building and equipment … for EACH line of seed. Seed storage facilities are also listed (another million?) and harvesting and transport equipment. And manure. Something that can contaminate seed. Notice that chemical fertilizers and pesticides are not mentioned.  

    You could eat manure and be okay (a little grossed out but okay). Try that with pesticides and fertilizers. Indian farmers have. Their top choice for how to commit suicide to escape the debt they have been left in is to drink Monsanto pesticides.

    5.  Monsanto is picking off seed cleaners across the Midwest. In Pilot Grove, Missouri, in Indiana (Maurice Parr), and now in southern Illinois (Steve Hixon). And they are using US marshals and state troopers and county police to show up in three cars to serve the poor farmers who had used Hixon as their seed cleaner, telling them that he or their neighbors turned them in, so across that 6 county areas, no one talking to neighbors and people are living in fear and those farming communities are falling apart from the suspicion Monsanto sowed. Hixon’s office got broken into and he thinks someone put a GPS tracking device on his equipment and that’s how Monsanto found between 200-400 customers in very scattered and remote areas, and threatened them all and destroyed his business within 2 days. 

    So, after demanding that seed cleaners somehow be able to tell one seed from another (or be sued to kingdom come) or corrupting legislatures to put in laws about labeling of seeds that are so onerous no one can cope with them, what is Monsanto’s attitude about labeling their own stuff? You guessed it – they’re out there pushing laws against ANY labeling of their own GM-food and animals and of any exports to other countries. Why?   

    We know and they know why. 

    As Norman Braksick, the president of Asgrow Seed Co. (now owned by Monsanto) predicted in the Kansas City Star (3/7/94) seven years ago, “If you put a label on a genetically engineered food, you might as well put a skull and crossbones on it.”  

    And they’ve sued dairy farmers for telling the truth about their milk being rBGH-free, though rBGH is associated with an increased risk of breast, colon and prostate cancers. 

    I just heard that some seed dealers urge farmers to buy the seed under the seed dealer’s name, telling the farmers it helps the dealer get a discount on seed to buy a lot under their own name. Then Monsanto sues the poor farmer for buying their seed without a contract and extorts huge sums from them. 

    Here’s a youtube video that is worth your time. Vandana Shiva is one of the leading anti-Monsanto people in the world. In this video, she says (and this video is old), Monsanto had sued 1500 farmers whose fields had simply been contaminated by GM-crops. Listen to all the ways Monsanto goes after farmers. 

    Do you know the story of Gandhi in India and how the British had salt laws that taxed salt? The British claimed it as theirs. Gandhi had what was called a Salt Satyagraha, in which people were asked to break the laws and march to the sea  and collect the salt without paying the British. A kind of Boston tea party, I guess.  

    Thousands of people marched 240 miles to the ocean where the British were waiting. As people moved forward to collect the salt, the British soldiers clubbed them but the people kept coming. The non-violent protest exposed the British behavior, which was so revolting to the world that it helped end British control in India.   

    Vandana Shiva has started a Seed Satyagraha – nonviolent non-cooperation around seed laws – has gotten millions of farmers to sign a pledge to break those laws.   

    American farmers and cattlemen might appreciate what Gandhi fought for and what Shiva is bringing back and how much it is about what we are all so angry about – loss of basic freedoms. [The highlighting is mine.]

     

    The Seed Satyagraha is the name for the nonviolent, noncooperative movement that Dr. Shiva has organized to stand against seed monopolies. According to Dr. Shiva, the name was inspired by Gandhi’s famous walk to the Dandi Beach, where he picked up salt and said, “You can’t monopolize this which we need for life.” But it’s not just the noncooperation aspect of the movement that is influenced by Gandhi. The creative side saving seeds, trading seeds, farming without corporate dependence–without their chemicals, without their seed.

    ” All this is talked about in the language that Gandhi left us as a legacy. We work with three key concepts.”

    ” (One) Swadeshi…which means the capacity to do your own thing–produce your own food, produce your own goods….”

    “(Two) Swaraj–to govern yourself. And we fight on three fronts–waterfood, and seed. JalSwaraj is water independence–water freedom and water sovereignty. Anna Swaraj is food freedom, food sovereignty. And Bija Swaraj is seed freedom and seed sovereignty. Swa means self–that which rises from the self and is very, very much a deep notion of freedom. 

    “I believe that these concepts, which are deep, deep, deep in Indian civilization, Gandhi resurrected them to fight for freedom. They are very important for today’s world because so far what we’ve had is centralized state rule, giving way now to centralized corporate control, and we need a third alternate. That third alternate is, in part, citizens being able to tell their state, ‘This is what your function is. This is what your obligations are,’ and being able to have their states act on corporations to say, ‘This is something you cannot do.’”

    ” (Three) Satyagraha, non-cooperation, basically saying, ‘We will do our thing and any law that tries to say that (our freedom) is illegal… we will have to not cooperate with it. We will defend our freedoms to have access to water, access to seed, access to food, access to medicine.’”

  • Marine dead zones expanding rapidly

    Dead zones are caused by agricultural runoff, especially nitrogen-rich fertilizers, and the burning of fossil fuels. The pollutants cause marine eutrophication, whereby the ecosystem receives too many nutrients, triggering massive algae blooms, which eventually die and are broken down bacteria. By breaking down the algae the bacteria consume excessive amounts of oxygen, essentially starving the marine system.

     
    Estimated N deposition from global total N (NOy and NHx) emissions, totaling 105 Tg N per year. Image appeared in J.N. Galloway et al (2008). “Transformation of the Nitrogen Cycle: Recent Trends, Questions, and Potential Solutions,” Science 16 May 2008.

    The majority of dead zones are near large populations in wealthy nations. For example, the United States’ east coast is covered with hypoxia sites, as is much of western and northern Europe. Such areas—heavy in industry, fishing, and runoffs from intensive agriculture—spew massive amounts of nutrient-rich pollutants into the sea.

    The authors note that “most of these systems were not hypoxic when first studied, but it appears that from the middle of the past century, the dissolved oxygen concentrations of many coastal ecosystems have been adversely affected by eutrophication.” A number of human-related factors likely caused the sudden explosion of dead zones, but certainly the development in the 1940s of mass-produced fertilizer containing nitrogen is a major culprit.

    Dead zones live up to their name in terms of biomass, the loss of which adds greater strains on already overfished and overexploited oceans. As an example, the researchers note that the Kattegat sea—between Denmark and Sweden—has experienced high levels of fish mortality and a collapse of their lobster industry due to eutrophication. In addition, they estimate that if the entire Baltic Sea recovered from eutrophication it would be one-third to one-half more productive—a boon for Scandinavian fishermen and a reprieve from other fishing areas.


    Global distribution of the 400+ marine systems with dead zones caused by increased eutrophication. Their distribution matches the current human “footprint” in the northern hemisphere. In the southern hemisphere, dead zones have only been reported recently. [Image courtesy of Science/AAAS]
  • Worlds seafood to disappear in 40 years

    From NaturalNews

    The number of “dead zones” in coastal regions around the world continues to rapidly increase, according to a study conducted by researchers from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science and the University of Gothenberg, and published in the journal Science.

    “It’s not sort of a local or regional problem, which is how it was thought of in the past,” researcher Robert Diaz said. “It is actually a global problem.”

    Dead zones are areas where oxygen has become so depleted that little or no marine life is able to survive. They form when excessive plant nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, run off from the coast and lead to an explosion of algae blooms. When this vastly increased biomass dies and sinks to the bottom, its decomposition leads to the proliferation of oxygen-consuming bacteria.

    In some cases, this may lead to increased crowding pressure in other parts of the ocean.

    “Fish are the best at avoiding dead zones,” Diaz says. “When the oxygen starts to decline, they’re smart – they leave, they don’t hang around. Crabs and shrimp are pretty good at getting away, too, as are lobsters.”

    Many slower moving animals such as clams, worms and small crustaceans, however, simply die.

    In the current study, researchers found that the number of dead zones has steadily increased from 39 at the end of the 1960s through 63 at the end of the 1970s, 132 at the end of the 1980s and 301 at the end of the 1990s to the current number of 405. The total area consumed by dead zones now measures no less than 95,000 square miles.

    The major sources of the pollutants that produce dead zones are fertilizer runoff from industrial agriculture and nitrogen-based byproducts of fossil fuel use.

    “Most of it is agricultural-based, but there is a lot of industrial nitrogen in there, too, if you consider electric generation,” Diaz said.

    Dead zones now function as one of the primary stresses on marine biodiversity, along with overfishing and habitat loss.

  • Pharma ships bird flu to Europe

     

    The Australian Vaccination Network press release

    Could this be the start of the Bird Flu epidemic?

    It could be the plot line for a Hollywood thriller – shades of I Am Legend. But recently-released information showing that the influenza vaccine produced by Baxter International Inc was ‘unintentionally’ contaminated with live H5N1 avian influenza virus has shocked the medical world and caused panic in the European nations where the vaccine was distributed and administered.

    Interestingly, Baxter has been awarded contracts by several nations around the world to develop an Avian influenza vaccine. This ‘error’ on their part could be the means by which an epidemic of this fatal form of influenza begins in the community.

    This is just one more piece of evidence to show that vaccine manufacturers do not maintain strict controls over their production processes or facilities.

    On May 1, 2008, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) cited Merck & Co.  for contamination at their plant which produces the Gardasil vaccine – a vaccine which is credited with causing 17 serious reactions a week in Australian girls who receive it.

    The letter which the FDA wrote to Merck in regards to their plant inspection, describes “significant deviations from current good manufacturing practice (CGMP)” and described a failure to “…assure that drug products conform to appropriate standards of identity, strength, quality, and purity.”

    In addition to the Gardasil vaccine, this plant produces Liquid PedvaxHIB®, RECOMBIVAX HB®, ProQuad®, Gardasil®, VAQTA®, and COMVAX®. Merck is also the manufacturer of the MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) vaccination which we currently use in Australia.

    “The government, medical community, and the pharmaceutical companies all have a duty of care to ensure that the vaccines we are administering to our children are as safe and pure as they possibly can be. It is obvious that this duty of care is not being taken seriously. The AVN demands more transparency regarding the vaccine production process and inclusion of representatives of our organisation on the government committees that oversee these processes.” says Meryl Dorey, President of the Australian Vaccination Network.