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  • Climate results turn sceptic: ‘let the evidence change our minds’

    Climate results turn sceptic: ‘let the evidence change our minds’

    Date
    July 30, 2012

    Leo Hickman

    The BEST study found that the Earth's land has warmed by 1.5 degrees Celsius in the past 250 years.

    The study found that the Earth’s land has warmed by 1.5 degrees Celsius in the past 250 years. Photo: Justin McManus

    THE Earth’s land has warmed by 1.5 degrees Celsius in the past 250 years and ”humans are almost entirely the cause”, according to a scientific study set up to address climate sceptic concerns about whether human-induced global warming is occurring.

    Richard Muller, a climate sceptic physicist who founded the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature (BEST) project, said he was ”surprised” by the findings. ”We were not expecting this, but as scientists, it is our duty to let the evidence change our minds.”

    He said he considered himself a ”converted sceptic” and his views had received a ”total turnaround” in a short space of time.

    ”Our results show that the average temperature of the Earth’s land has risen by 2½ degrees Fahrenheit over the past 250 years, including an increase of 1½ degrees over the most recent 50 years. Moreover, it appears likely that essentially all of this increase results from the human emission of greenhouse gases,” Professor Muller wrote in an opinion piece for The New York Times.

    The team of scientists based at the University of California, Berkeley, gathered and merged 14.4 million land temperature observations from 44,455 sites across the world dating back to 1753. Previous datasets created by NASA, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Britain’s Meteorological Office and the University of East Anglia’s Climate Research Unit had gone back only to the mid-1800s and used five times fewer weather station records.

    The funding for the project included $US150,000 from the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation, set up by the billionaire US coal magnate who is a key backer of the climate sceptic Heartland Institute think tank. The research also received $US100,000 from the Fund for Innovative climate and Energy Research, created by Bill Gates.

    Unlike previous efforts, the temperature data from various sources was not ”homogenised” by hand – a key criticism by climate sceptics – but, instead was ”completely automated to reduce human bias”. The BEST team’s findings, despite their deeper analysis, closely matched the previous temperature reconstructions, ”but with reduced uncertainty”.

    Last October, the BEST team published results that showed the average global land temperature has risen by about one degree Celsius since the mid-1950s. But the team did not look for possible ”fingerprints” to explain this warming. The latest data analysis reached much further back in time but, crucially, also searched for the most likely cause for this rise in land temperature by plotting the upward temperature curve against suspected ”forcings”. It analysed the warming impact of solar activity – a popular theory among climate sceptics – but found that, over the past 250 years, the contribution of the sun is ”consistent with zero”.

    Volcanic eruptions were found to have caused ”short dips” in the temperature rise in the period from 1750 to 1850, but ”only weak analogs” in the 20th century.

    ”Much to my surprise, by far the best match came to the record of atmospheric carbon dioxide, measured from atmospheric samples and air trapped in polar ice,” Professor Muller said. ”While this doesn’t prove that global warming is caused by human greenhouse gases, it is currently the best explanation we have found, and sets the bar for alternative explanations.” Professor Muller said his team’s findings went further and were ”stronger” than the latest report published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

    In an unconventional move aimed at appeasing climate sceptics by allowing ”full transparency”, the results have been released before being peer-reviewed by the Journal of Geophysical Research. All the data and analysis may be freely scrutinised at the BEST website. This follows the pattern of previous BEST results.

    Guardian News & Media

    Read more: http://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/climate-results-turn-sceptic-let-the-evidence-change-our-minds-20120730-23769.html#ixzz223dI8hTH

  • Population, poverty, politics and RH bill

    Population, poverty, politics and RH bill
    Inquirer.net
    On the other hand, the State acknowledges the difficulties posed for development by rapid population growth, especially among the poorest Filipinos. But it has been immobilized from effectively addressing the issue by the Catholic hierarchy’s hard-line 
    See all stories on this topic »

  • The Conversion of a Climate-Change Skeptic

    The Conversion of a Climate-Change Skeptic

    Posted: 28 Jul 2012 06:17 PM PDT

    By Joe Romm, a Climate Progress cross-post 

    ten year data analysis comparison graph
    The decadal land-surface average temperature using a 10-year moving average of surface temperatures over land. Anomalies are relative to the Jan 1950 – December 1979 mean. The grey band indicates 95% statistical and spatial uncertainty interval.” A Koch-funded reanalysis of 1.6 billion temperature reports finds that “essentially all of this increase is due to the human emission of greenhouse gases.”

    The Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature Study (BEST) is poised to release its findings next week on the cause of recent global warming.

    UPDATE (9 pm): A NY Times op-ed by Richard Muller, BEST’s Founder and Scientific Director, has been published, “The Conversion of a Climate-Change Skeptic.” Here is the money graf:

    CALL me a converted skeptic. Three years ago I identified problems in previous climate studies that, in my mind, threw doubt on the very existence of global warming. Last year, following an intensive research effort involving a dozen scientists, I concluded that global warming was real and that the prior estimates of the rate of warming were correct. I’m now going a step further: Humans are almost entirely the cause.

    Yes, yes, I know, the finding itself is “dog bites man.” What makes this “man bites dog” is that Muller has been a skeptic of climate science, and the single biggest funder of this study is the “Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation ($150,000).” The Kochs are the leading funder of climate disinformation in the world! It gets better:

    Our results show that the average temperature of the earth’s land has risen by two and a half degrees Fahrenheit over the past 250 years, including an increase of one and a half degrees over the most recent 50 years. Moreover, it appears likely that essentially all of this increase results from the human emission of greenhouse gases.
    These findings are stronger than those of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the United Nations group that defines the scientific and diplomatic consensus on global warming.

    In short, a Koch-funded study has found that the IPCC “consensus” underestimated both the rate of surface warming and how much could be attributed to human emissions!
    Here is some background on BEST followed by a longer excerpt of the op-ed.

    A group of scientists led by one well-known skeptic, Muller — and whose only climatologist listed is Judith Curry, a well-known confusionist [see Schmidtand Annan and Steig andVerheggen, and CP] — decided to reexamine all of the temperature data they could get their hands on. I broke the story of their initial findings in March 2011 (with the help of climatologist Ken Caldeira) – see Exclusive: Berkeley temperature study results “confirm the reality of global warming and support in all essential respects the historical temperature analyses of the NOAA, NASA, and HadCRU.”
    The top figure is an updated chart of their findings from March of this year. They found a lot of warming. Indeed, their key paper from 2011 found:

    … our analysis suggests a degree of global land-surface warming during the anthropogenic era that is consistent with prior work (e.g. NOAA) but on the high end of the existing range of reconstructions.

    So the only remaining question for BEST was: What is the cause of that warming? Of course, those who read ClimateProgress or the scientific literature already knew the answer to that question (see the 12/11 post, It’s “Extremely Likely That at Least 74% of Observed Warming Since 1950″ Was Manmade; It’s Highly Likely All of It Was).
    BEST is set to release those findings this week. The excellent UK Guardianreporter, Leo Hickman, tweeted earlier today that “Significant climate-related news will be breaking on Guardian website in next 24-36 hours” and then he tweeted an hour ago the link to the excerpt of Muller’s op-ed. Here is more of the op-ed:

    How definite is the attribution to humans? The carbon dioxide curve gives a better match than anything else we’ve tried. Its magnitude is consistent with the calculated greenhouse effect — extra warming from trapped heat radiation. These facts don’t prove causality and they shouldn’t end skepticism, but they raise the bar: to be considered seriously, an alternative explanation must match the data at least as well as carbon dioxide does.

    Well, in fact, to be seriously considered, an alternative explanation must match the data at least as well as does CO2 — and it must offer some mechanism that counteracts the well-known warming effect of CO2. Not bloody likely.

    The careful analysis by our team is laid out in five scientific papers now online at BerkeleyEarth.org. That site also shows our chart of temperature from 1753 to the present, with its clear fingerprint of volcanoes and carbon dioxide, but containing no component that matches solar activity. Four of our papers have undergone extensive scrutiny by the scientific community, and the newest, a paper with the analysis of the human component, is now posted, along with the data and computer programs used. Such transparency is the heart of the scientific method; if you find our conclusions implausible, tell us of any errors of data or analysis.
    What about the future? As carbon dioxide emissions increase, the temperature should continue to rise. I expect the rate of warming to proceed at a steady pace, about one and a half degrees over land in the next 50 years, less if the oceans are included. But if China continues its rapid economic growth (it has averaged 10 percent per year over the last 20 years) and its vast use of coal (it typically adds one new gigawatt per month), then that same warming could take place in less than 20 years.
    Science is that narrow realm of knowledge that, in principle, is universally accepted. I embarked on this analysis to answer questions that, to my mind, had not been answered. I hope that the Berkeley Earth analysis will help settle the scientific debate regarding global warming and its human causes.

    Ouch.
    I asked Caldeira for a comment on Muller’s op-ed. He writes:

    I am glad that Muller et al have taken a look at the data and have come to essentially the same conclusion that nearly  everyone else had come to more than a decade ago.
    The basic scientific results have been established for a long time now, so I do not see the results of Muller et al as being scientifically important.  However, their result may be politically important.  It shows that even people who suspect climate scientists of being charlatans, when they take a hard look at the data, see that the climate scientists have been right all along.

    Who’d have thunk it? Not the Kochs….

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  • “Global Warnings Terrifying New Math” 350 org

     

    From: Bill McKibben – 350.org <organizers@350.org>
    Sent: Thursday, 26 July 2012 8:17 AM
    Subject: My reckoning

    Dear friends,
    Last week, Rolling Stone magazine published a piece of mine that I think may be the most important writing I’ve done since The End of Nature, way back in 1989. (And no, it’s not the profile of Justin Bieber.)
    Warning: it’s pretty long, and it’s not entirely cheerful. Indeed, it shows that the business plans of the fossil fuel industry will wreck the planet — that they’ve already got enough carbon in their reserves to drive the heat past anyone’s definition of okay.
    Okay I read Bill McKibben’s “Global Warnings Terrifying New Math” report in Rolling Stone.  Interesting and possible fruitful line of attack, but not all that convincing.   Especially as Bill does not cite his sources, nor even broach the contradiction between his statement that 2C limit is till possible to be UNDER versus other scientific reports that current CO2 levels NOW in the atmosphere mean we are already well past such pleasant mirages.

    Found an earlier version by Bill McKibben published back at the beginning year in Grist as 
    “The great carbon bubble: Why the fossil-fuel industry fights so hard”
    http://grist.org/fossil-fuels/the-great-carbon-bubble-why-the-fossil-fuel-industry-fights-so-hard/

    But checkout http://www.declineoftheempire.com/2012/02/do-the-facts-matter-anymore-or-not.html
    Do The Facts Matter Anymore? Or Not?
    Where the writer shows how Bill McKibben (and his editors) screwed up his sources maths! 

    The other problem as  Lenz Blog shows (by way of his sci-fi fiction) is how  Bill McKibben has a poor understanding of business dynamics. ;-
    “… it was very easy for the fossil fuel industry to make oil (and other fossil fuels) much more expensive. All they needed to do was reduce their drilling activities by a large factor, leaving more of the precious stuff in the ground for future generations. The increase in prices sent the value of their mining rights up in the stratosphere…
    .”
    http://k.lenz.name/LB/ http://k.lenz.name/LB/?p=7256

    Interesting ah?  W.Shawn Gray

     

  • Scientists discover possible antibiotics alternative

    Scientists discover possible antibiotics alternative

    Updated July 29, 2012 12:29:28

    Melbourne scientists say they have made a major breakthrough in the search for an alternative to antibiotics.

    Researchers from Monash University in Melbourne, along with The Rockfeller University and the University of Maryland in the United States, have spent the past six years studying the structure of a viral protein called PlyC.

    They say they have discovered the way it kills the bacteria that causes a range of infections including sore throats, pneumonia and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.

    They have described the protein as a powerful anti-bacterial killing machine and say that discovering what it looks like and how it attacks bacteria is a major step forward in developing alternatives to antibiotics.

    They say scientists have been trying to decipher the structure of PlyC for more than 40 years.

    Monash University’s Dr Sheena McGowan says identifying the atomic structure of PlyC is crucial to understanding how it can be used to fight bacteria.

    “Over the last few years or few decades, there has been a lot of instances of resistance to antibiotics of bacteria,” she said.

    “I’m sure you’ve all heard… of multi-resistant bacteria and drug resistant bacteria. What we’re looking at over the next coming decades is a time when antibiotics may not be as effective as they are now. So by doing research early, we can start to look for alternatives.”

    Topics:medical-research, monash-university-3800, melbourne-3000, united-states

    First posted July 29, 2012 11:45:58

  • Disability scheming trips up premiers

    Disability scheming trips up premiers

    Date
    July 29, 2012
    Category
    Opinion
    • 7 reading now
    • 13
    At odds ... Queensland Premier Campbell Newman, NSW Premier Barry O'Farrell, Prime Minister Julia Gillard, South Australian Premier Jay Wetherill and Victorian Premier Ted Baillieu.

    At odds … Queensland Premier Campbell Newman, NSW Premier Barry O’Farrell, Prime Minister Julia Gillard, South Australian Premier Jay Wetherill and Victorian Premier Ted Baillieu. Photo: Alex Ellinghausen

    WHO would think – who would believe – that politicians could make a handful of needy, disabled people the object of such shameless power play?

    Last week’s behaviour by Liberal premiers over the plan to get trials started for the National Disability Insurance Scheme badly misjudged the public mood.

    The NSW Premier, Barry O’Farrell, and the Victorian Premier, Ted Baillieu, should have signed up to the trials when the Council of Australian Governments met on Wednesday. Instead they dug in their heels, resisting putting in $70 million and $40 million respectively. Despite the federal government providing most of the money for the proposed trials (in the Hunter and Barwon regions), the premiers insisted Canberra should pay the lot.

    The conservative premiers, knowing they were dealing with a Prime Minister in desperate straits, presumably felt they could wear down Julia Gillard. But they quickly found they were the ones with a political problem when their states missed out. Reality started to dawn at the post-COAG news conference. Back in their home cities, they were confronted with community outrage; it flooded the airwaves and no doubt their offices. Disability reform is a genuine issue that people care about. Baillieu, in particular, came under huge pressure to save the Victorian trial.

    As the inching towards compromise began behind the scenes, the story broke that the Queensland Premier, Campbell Newman, had proposed, over the leaders’ dinner at The Lodge the night before COAG, that Gillard should embrace a Medicare-type levy for the scheme’s long-term funding.

    In theory, a levy might be a sensible way to go. But only a political bomb thrower would toss it at this Prime Minister, already staggering towards oblivion under the weight of a couple of big new taxes. Anyway, the issue was not the scheme’s long-term funding, but money for the trials. Indeed the NSW government had earlier made it clear it did not want the broader funding issue on the agenda. Despite this, O’Farrell indicated on Friday he had supported the levy idea.

    Tony Abbott, who has to be on the ”no” side of any debate about a new tax, found himself at odds with his friend Newman. Abbott believes the multibillion-dollar disability scheme should be paid for out of general revenue. His thoughts are relevant, given he is likely to be the one grappling with the long-term cost.

    Abbott supports the scheme but predictably could not resist scoring a few political points, enjoying Gillard’s discomfort – before the premiers capitulated.

    Friday’s compromise by O’Farrell and Baillieu was a case of everyone grabbing for safety ropes. Victoria produced, in a complicated way, the required money. NSW recognised the per person funding level the Commonwealth demanded but only promised half the $70 million. No matter: Gillard, now confident of trials in the big states, declared all more or less well. There would be more work later with NSW, she said at a news conference where a power failure meant victory had to be claimed in the semi-dark. The gloom was a metaphor: even when she has a win, it’s hard to make it seen.

    The stoush over the trials was unnecessary and unedifying. The conservative premiers are determined to stir up fights at COAG, just because they can. But to do it on an issue such as disability brings them no political kudos. This was not an area in which to mud wrestle Gillard. In the end they just had to struggle out of a mire of their own making.

    Read more: http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/disability-scheming-trips-up-premiers-20120728-232ly.html#ixzz21z7PdiJn