Author: Neville

  • Circulation Changes in a Warmer Ocean

    Circulation Changes in a Warmer Ocean

    Feb. 22, 2013 — In a new study, scientists suggest that the pattern of ocean circulation was radically altered in the past when climates were warmer.

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    Ancient warm periods offer useful insights into potential future warming and its impacts. The mid-Pliocene, ~3 million years ago, was a relatively recent period of global warmth that is often considered as an analog for our future.

    During this warm period, unusually warm surface conditions existed in the North Atlantic, which has often been simply explained by the intensification of the existing pattern of ocean circulation. However, reproducing these changes with climate models has eluded researchers for more than a decade — suggesting either that there was something wrong with the long-standing explanation or with the models used to predict the behavior of warmer oceans.

    An alternative pattern of warm ocean circulation

    A team of Bergen scientists reevaluated the existing observations and used the Norwegian Earth System model (NorESM) to carry out simulations to better understand ocean circulation during the warm mid-Pliocene.

    They illustrated that the largest changes occurred in the deep Southern Ocean, but not in the North Atlantic, indicating that the existing explanation was not adequate. They found that the data and simulations pointed toward an altogether different pattern of ocean circulation, with Antarctic waters playing a stronger role due to faster renewal of the deeper water masses in the Southern Ocean during the mid-Pliocene. This alternative explanation provided a solution to the long standing discrepancy between reconstructions of ocean circulation at the time and available model simulations.

    North Atlantic warming

    The team also addressed the unusual warmth in the North Atlantic during the warm mid-Pliocene. The observed high latitude warmth was shown not to require the intensification of todays ocean circulation and the transport of ocean heat to the north, rather it was a direct response to changes in insolation and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels at the time. The study highlights just how differently ocean circulation was when the planet was warmer and carbon dioxide levels were high.

    The study by Zhongshi Zhang, Kerim Nisancioglu and Ulysses Ninnemann from the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research in Bergen was published Feb. 19 in Nature Communications.

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  • Train passengers trapped for 17 hours

    Train passengers trapped in wild weather for 17hrs

    ABCFebruary 23, 2013, 4:18 pm

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    Wild weather hits NSW

    Sydney has been hit with strong winds and heavy rain as a powerful east coast low moves south as northern New South Wales felt the brunt of overnight storms.

    ABC © Enlarge photo

    About 100 passengers were trapped on a train in wild weather for nearly 17 hours in northern New South Wales.

    The Countrylink XPT service from Sydney to Casino was interrupted overnight at Coramba, about 10 kilometres north of Coffs Harbour, by fallen trees on the railway line.

    Railway workers removed the blockage, but the train encountered floodwater about 30 kilometres north near Glenreagh.

    As it reversed back to Coffs Harbour it was stopped for a third time by a landslide.

    A large tree blocks the track. SOURCE: Getty Images

    The site was too remote for buses to reach.

    An excavator eventually cleared the debris and weary travellers arrived in Coffs Harbour just before midday today (AEDT).

    Some passengers say trees fell on three carriages scaring occupants inside.

    A large number of small children and elderly people were onboard the train.

    Passengers have praised the crew for keeping spirits high by providing complimentary food and regular updates.

    However some say they received mixed messages and the food eventually ran out.

    A branch stuck under the train. SOURCE: Getty Images

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  • Estonia launches national electric car charging network

    Estonia launches national electric car charging network

    165 charging points around the country will use direct current to charge cars in less than 30 minutes
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    Adam Vaughan

    guardian.co.uk, Wednesday 20 February 2013 17.24 GMT

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    The electric vehicle charging network in Estonia is operated by ABB. Photograph: Arno Mikkor

    Estonia’s reputation as one of the most wired-up countries in Europe has been boosted further with the opening of what is being billed as the world’s first nationwide electric car charging network.

    The sparsely populated Baltic state with a population of just 1.3 million hopes the 165 “fast chargers” will overcome the “chicken and egg” problem facing the take-up of electric cars worldwide.

    The network of charging points, which was opened officially on Wednesday but has been running for several months, uses direct current (DC) to charge cars in less than 30 minutes, rather than around eight hours to recharge a car’s battery as is the case with most of the more than 3,000 points in the UK.

    There are believed to be around 650 electric cars in Estonia, more than 500 of which were Mitsubishi i-MiEVs given to social workers by the government in 2011. Motorists can get grants of up to€18,000 (£15,700) off electric cars, compared to the £5,000 cap for the UK’s electric car grant. The average full price for a new electric car is around £30,000.

    Estonia’s minister of the environment, Keit Pentus-Rosimannus, said: “The fact that recharging is so easy is one of the main reasons more and more Estonians will decide in favour of electric cars in future. Our entire transport policy should be based on the notion that environmentally friendly travel is the cheapest and simplest option there is.”

    The charging points are no further than 60km apart, and were paid for by the Estonian government. Whether the push to electric cars will come with environmental benefits, however, remains to be seen: the former Soviet republic gets more than 90% of its electricity from carbon-heavy oil shale.

    Ulrich Spiesshofer, head of discrete automation and motion at ABB, the Swiss company that makes the charging points and won the tender for the network in January 2012, said: “Having a nationwide fast-charging network will encourage motorists to switch to electric vehicles and it will motivate other countries to invest in their own charging infrastructure.”

    The distance electric cars can go between charges was the subject of heated debate in the US media in the last week, following a war of words between the New York Times and US electric car company Tesla Motors over its new Model S car.

    This week the UK government announced it would cover up to 75% of the cost of installing charging points for electric vehicles in garages and driveways.

  • Kevin Rudd moves into poll position to win power for struggling Labor

    Kevin Rudd moves into poll position to win power for struggling Labor

    Steven Scott
    The Daily Telegraph
    February 23, 201312:00AM

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    Rudd to fight for top job? »

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    Rudd to fight for top job?

    One of the Prime Minister’s key backers has dismissed continued leadership speculation as hot air.

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    Popular with all ages … Kevin Rudd / Pic: Kym Smith Source: The Daily Telegraph

    KEVIN Rudd would catapult Labor into an election-winning position if he was to be reinstalled as leader, according to a new Galaxy poll.

    A comeback by the former prime minister would deliver a 14 per cent boost to Labor’s primary vote in Queensland, putting it in line to seize two-thirds of the state’s seats.

    The poll of 800 Queenslanders, taken on the evenings of February 20 and 21, found that federal Labor’s support, with Prime Minister Julia Gillard at the helm, was stuck on 33 per cent – close to the primary vote Labor received at the last election.

    This would see Tony Abbott lead the Coalition to victory by 55 per cent to 45 per cent on a two-party preferred basis in Queensland if preferences flowed as they did in 2010.

    But Labor’s primary vote would soar to 47 per cent in Queensland if Mr Rudd returned to the leadership and faced off against Mr Abbott, the poll found.

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    Having lunch with Julia Gillard»

    Will Julia Gillard be sweet, or will she get her just desserts? Time will tell. For now, the PM enjoys a meal at George’s, in Waymouth St, with Political Editor Tory Shepherd.
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    CLEO has signed KRudd’s girl Jessica as a columnist, a move that yesterday confounded many in the nation’s media capital of Sydney.
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    Under the Rudd scenario, Labor’s Queensland preferred vote would be 53 per cent to 47 per cent for the Coalition, giving the ALP a potentially winning edge. This would see Labor achieve a swing of eight points since the last federal election and win back all of the seats it lost in Queensland in 2010, except for Leichhardt.

    A switch back to Mr Rudd would see the Liberal National Party’s support drop by five points. Almost half the supporters of the Greens and Katter’s Australian Party would also switch their vote to Labor.

    The results suggest Mr Rudd could deliver Labor a much-needed boost in Queensland at a time when its support has collapsed in NSW and other states.

    “The reinstatement of Kevin Rudd as leader would be the real game-changer,” Galaxy chief executive David Briggs said.

    Leadership speculation has again dogged Ms Gillard as Labor MPs begin to despair about a slump in support in national opinion polls.

    Mr Rudd has ruled out challenging her for the leadership but he has recently lifted his appearances in the media in a move some see as provocative. He regularly uses Twitter to promote himself to his more than 1.1 million Twitter followers.

    Some of Mr Rudd’s supporters want him to be leader again if Ms Gillard cannot turn around Labor’s poll results.

    Several pro-Rudd Labor MPs said the results would give colleagues reason to think about a leadership change.”Kevin offers what the current circumstances don’t, which is hope,” one Labor MP said. “That should give people reason to think.”

    A Gillard supporter conceded a switch to Mr Rudd would boost Labor’s support, but doubted the “sugar hit” would last until the election.

    “I don’t think anyone would doubt Labor would do better in Queensland with Kevin,” they said.

    “If he came back they would immediately recall why they didn’t like him.”

  • The new backseat driver – behind the wheel of a car that drives itself

    The new backseat driver – behind the wheel of a car that drives itself

    DateFebruary 23, 201315 reading now

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    Matt Campbell

    Motoring Writer

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    Testing the self-driving car

    Matt Campbell gets behind the wheel of the self-driving Mercedes-Benz E-class.
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    IT’S MORE than a little unnerving when your steering wheel develops a mind of its own at 80km/h.

    After all, not being in proper control of your car is something that would earn you a sizeable fine – or a big repair bill.

    But that’s what I’m doing in what is one of the most advanced cars in the world. Mercedes-Benz has been referring to the technology available in the new E-class family car, which goes on sale in Australia in August, as the world’s first self-driving car.

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    New Mercedes-Benz E-Class range

    New Mercedes-Benz E-Class sedan.

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    It’s not quite, but it does take control in some situations, predominantly when it determines the car is not doing what the driver intended. Or, at least, what it thinks the driver intended.

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    The wheel writhes about under your fingers, so you feel slightly uneasy. It is difficult not to feel as though you should try to stop it from moving – it’s a natural reaction -and many times I took back control of the steering.

    The system will detect if you’ve taken your hands from the wheel via a torque (force) sensor, and if it detects the driver is being hands-off, it will emit a visual warning on the dashboard and an audible warning after 10 seconds, by which time it would usually be too late.

    We tested the new self-driving technology in Germany under various conditions and it worked best in slow-moving traffic on a highway. The company claims the system will work at speeds between 0 and 200km/h, though its cornering ability is lessened at higher speeds.

    It’s not perfect. In several situations it failed to do what was expected, steering the car slightly and then crossing the centre line. Luckily this was just a test.

    What was clear after using the system for half an hour was that it’s not a type of autopilot, as some may have expected.

    Perhaps our expectations were too high, although Mercedes-Benz has been vocal about being first to market with the self-driving car.

    Mercedes-Benz says the clever technology is not designed as an autopilot measure, rather as a safety system that can take some of the mundane elements of driving out of the equation. It can’t take you to a set destination via the sat-nav system, and nor can it join cars in a queue.

    But it can keep an eye on the road and do what the car in front does, which could be a good thing – or the exact opposite, depending on who you are following. The company says the system will help ”relieve motorists when driving is more of a burden than a pleasure – on the monotonous daily commute, for example”.

    Peter Schmidt, who worked on the project, said the system is not about full autonomy, but is a step in that direction.

    ”It is only assistance. You have to have your hands on the steering wheel. The first step [it may be] for autonomous driving. But only the first step. I think there are several more steps in between before you have the opportunity for full autonomy.”

    Matt Campbell travelled to Germany as a guest of Mercedes-Benz.

  • She gets knocked down

    She gets knocked down

    Date February 23, 2013 231 reading now

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    Katharine Murphy

    National Affairs Correspondent, The Age

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    The battle between Julia Gillard and Kevin Rudd is the story that won’t go away, writes Katharine Murphy.

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    Resilient …. Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard. Photo: Getty Images

    The problem with this story is no one knows how it ends. Not the protagonists, who are still writing it. Not the pundits, stenographers to a car crash. Will Kevin Rudd come back to the Labor leadership? Will Julia Gillard – the toughest cookie we’ve possibly ever seen in the Lodge – see the threat off again?

    In times such as this – where anything could happen – it’s best to stick with some knowns. What can we say of the present? Internal trust and cohesion in the government is badly fractured, if not broken.

    Proponents and opponents of change are briefing against one another, apparently without restraint. Someone this week thought it reasonable to leak against the $1 billion industry plan that was meant to be a building block of recovery ahead of the election campaign – a potent signifier of the extent of the current dysfunction, if one was necessary.

    Mr Popular … Kevin Rudd at a function for the fifth anniversary of the apology to the Stolen Generation. Photo: David Mariuz

    The media cycle is thundering out of control. Labor must not only manage the complex truths associated with the difficulties in which it finds itself – divine a way out of the windowless room – but also manage the careening perceptions of the present state of play, some wild and blatantly mischievous, some devastatingly accurate.

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    ”Ruddmentum” appeared unstoppable at the start of the week, an inelegant, squalling panic prompted by a bad Nielsen poll, which exploded into the news cycle. Timing was everything. The bad poll was only the sum of recent parts: the scrappy opening to the political year, the underwhelming performance of the mining tax, which served to reinforce perceptions that Labor can’t manage the economy despite strong fundamentals. But it dropped like a portent of looming, irrevocable disaster.

    By week’s end, cabinet figures had rallied to balance not only the public messages but also the internal sentiment. Camp Kevin yanked its head in, concerned about the consequences of too much undirected chatter too soon. The Labor ship was drifting in a sea of irresolution, but not listing quite so violently.

    Illustration:michaelmucci.com

    Yet the central problem persists.

    What to do, whether there is anything to do, and if there is something to do, how and when to do it?

    There is also a deeper question to be considered, and this is sometimes overlooked in the rush to parse who said what on The Project. Principally the question is what are the consequences of acting versus not acting. This is a question the party comprehensively failed to ask itself in the June 2010 leadership coup. It has paid the price ever since.

    Given his enduring popularity, his strengths as a performer on new and old media, his power and potential potency as a circuit-breaker, the logic of a return to Rudd seems unassailable, until you imagine what is actually required to execute it, and the ultimate consequences for Labor if peace can’t be declared, finally, once and for all. If leadership change became just another stuff-up.

    A grand bargain. That’s the scale of ambition in the most considered quarters of Camp Kevin. Not simply cosmetic change – a new figurehead presiding over the old, riven fundamentals – but a game change.

    The game-change scenario is a co-ordinated move against Gillard at the cabinet level: a majority of Gillard backers, not just the oft-mentioned Bill Shorten, switching camps and being prepared to make the shift decisive.

    By that they mean the obvious: Gillard goes, and really goes – agreeing not to recontest at the election; and Wayne Swan too. ”The consequences are there. Julia can’t stay. Wayne can’t stay,” insists one Rudd man. Labor would also likely lose its Senate leader: it’s hard to imagine the Communications Minister, Stephen Conroy, serving in a Rudd ministry given the extent of their mutual antipathy. Possibly there would be other departures and, of course, elevations. Chris Bowen is said to have been promised Treasury if Rudd returns. Presumably the new broom philosophy would be applied liberally.

    The point of this transaction is drawing the line. Someone wins and someone loses, and agrees they’ve lost. The situation since the last leadership battle has been irresolution and cycles of retribution, some of them petty, some spectacular. The two combatants have remained on their feet, and like Harry Potter and Voldemort, neither truly lives while the other survives.

    But the idea of Gillard and Swan departing the field for Rudd is, to put it mildly, hard to get your head around. A third candidate maybe, but Rudd? Colleagues close to both laugh at the prospect. Talk is swirling at the moment of a deal to accommodate the two. Without concrete details, it’s hard to assess how serious or viable a proposition that actually is.

    Colleagues close to Gillard and Swan insist the current talk of accommodation is deliberate, dastardly misinformation. As one person puts it: ”People don’t ride off into the sunset here while the knight rides in. That’s not how this happens.”

    Gillard supporters also insist the present activity is centred on building a credible illusion of momentum both with the media, which play along in brainless hourly blips in order to feed the insatiable 24/7 beast which prioritises immediacy and ”newness” over the coherence of the story, and to create panic in the caucus. One Gillard loyalist declares proponents of the Rudd comeback are ”constantly on the phone stampeding people, telling lies to create panic”. Left unsaid in the critique is the obvious – the nasty habit of panic becoming self-fulfilling.

    People on both sides of the Gillard/Rudd divide can agree at least conceptually that a shoulder tap followed by the dignified exit could be a mechanism to make leadership change a genuine circuit-breaker rather than a hypothetical one. But it seems unlikely to occur in the real world.

    What of the Kevin factor? His loyal supporters say Rudd could lift Labor’s vote by as much as 15 per cent. His popularity with the public has been extremely resilient, and he’s a nimble communicator. Almost uniquely among our current political class, Rudd knows how to speak to voters in an era when the conventional modes of political communication are breaking down.

    Research by Nielsen last September suggested Rudd could boost Labor’s primary vote by 10 per cent (taking votes from the Coalition, Greens and independents). However, the pollster John Stirton heavily qualifies the number.

    He says the boost applies only in a ”magic scenario” – a bloodless coup where everyone agrees leadership change is necessary, Rudd is the only viable candidate, and everyone rallies behind the leader. In this case, the leader would have also needed to have learned a thing or two from past mistakes. Magic sometimes happens. It happened when Alexander Downer handed over the leadership of the Liberal Party to John Howard in opposition. That was precisely the scenario. Asked whether history is likely to repeat itself in 2013, Stirton sounds dubious.

    ”And in the absence of the magical transition, it’s hard to imagine leadership change not doing significant damage,” he says.

    It is a high-risk proposition. Fresh in a number of minds is the horror show of the 2010 election campaign, which was characterised by acts of deliberate destabilisation. The fear is history would repeat itself – a new cycle of retribution, another slide backwards.

    There are other practical problems. Rudd would no doubt position himself as a leader capable of taking on the various cancers afflicting the party – a desirable development, given the radioactive murk leaking out of ICAC in NSW, and the Health Services Union imbroglio.

    That culture of institutionalised loathsomeness needs to be rooted out, and Rudd is sufficiently independently-minded to want to see it done.

    It would be an electoral plus, necessary for Labor to sustain itself as a viable movement into the future – but then comes the obvious problem: how to campaign without the comfort of guaranteed institutional support. Would trade unions kick in the cash and resources for a leader intent on a post-election jihad?

    The Australian Workers Union made a great show of public support for Gillard over the past week. The AWU boss, Paul Howes, pledged 110 per cent support for the present incumbent of the Lodge, then escalated the rhetoric, not exactly helpfully, given the internal tinderbox.

    ”Nothing upsets me more lately than opening newspapers on a daily or weekly basis and reading anonymous quotes from ‘senior Labor sources’ undermining our Prime Minister, undermining the leadership of our movement and this country. What a bunch of gutless pricks they are that they can’t put their names to what they are saying,” Howes declared in a closing address to a union shindig on the Gold Coast.

    Gillard this week genuflected to Howes and to powerbroker Bill Ludwig. Not a great look from the vantage point of the general public, to be sure, a deep curtsy to the faceless men, but a gesture reflecting some basic realities of the relationship. (Some Rudd folks of course counsel journalists too inclined to take people at their word that union leaders professing undying loyalty to Labor leaders have been known to turn on the head of a coin.)

    And then there’s another issue: concern in some quarters that the problem isn’t so much the messenger but the message. Some ministers have watched with concern as the strategy has contracted to rallying the base. Says one: ”Class warfare isn’t modern Labor. Is it the Scot [Julia Gillard’s communications director John McTernan]? Is it Swannie? Narrowing the perception of what we stand for isn’t the way to win. We need the bolder agenda. Why aren’t we talking the language of the modern economy?”

    Gillard this week publicly eschewed a ”progressive” agenda, asserting Labor’s historical ties with working people. The tit-for-tat with the Greens prompted by Christine Milne’s decision to end the formal agreement this week will doubtless exacerbate a trend we’ve seen in the past few days: both parties narrowcasting to the base. Not everybody is happy with that direction, but the answer to that question may not be Rudd. Not without a decisive sequence of events rendering the status quo untenable. Not without a decisive shift that could yet happen, but hasn’t yet.

    One minister says: ”Is the problem the leader or the leadership agenda? I don’t know where it ends – all I know is it can’t go on like this.”

    Read more: http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/political-news/she-gets-knocked-down-20130222-2ewyr.html#ixzz2LfhFGxh4