Think Tank’s talking points deepen the divide over climate change

16 February, 2012 John James Newsletter0

 

 

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16 February 2012, 4.11pm AEST

Think tank’s talking points deepen the divide over climate change

The trouble with words is that you never know whose mouths they’ve been in. —– Dennis Potter Readers following the Australian news media’s coverage of climate change will probably have detected the conspiracy theories designed to discredit climate science and climate scientists. These conspiracy theories…

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Elaine McKewon receives an Australian Postgraduate Award Scholarship from the Australian government’s Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education. This full-time PhD scholarship was awarded to enable research that is in the public interest and free of vested interests.

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8std3pyf-1329365411 Valiant sceptics have taken on the evil dragon of climate change conspiracy. magia e/Flickr

The trouble with words is that you never know whose mouths they’ve been in. —– Dennis Potter

Readers following the Australian news media’s coverage of climate change will probably have detected the conspiracy theories designed to discredit climate science and climate scientists.

These conspiracy theories label the scientific consensus on anthropogenic global warming “a hoax”, “a religion” or a “scare tactic” concocted to justify higher taxes and arbitrary, draconian restrictions on the personal freedoms of “helpless” and “disenfranchised” citizens.

Purveyors of this alternative reality tell us the entire global community of climate scientists has fabricated or exaggerated the threat of climate change to secure further funding for their research. This has been aided and abetted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a “political” organisation bent on fomenting a global warming crisis in order to install a left-wing totalitarian world government.

At first, it may seem surprising that such dramatistic, florid “fantasy themes” would appear so often in editorials and opinion columns of major newspapers – usually penned by conservative members of the press who cast minority-view scientists as modern day Galileos.

Occasionally, the contrarians themselves variously compare the field of climate science to the powerful religious elite who persecuted Galileo and the Stalinist regime who sent dissident scientists to the gulags or to their deaths.

Who is the modern-day Galileo? Children of the Concrete/Flickr

My recently published study, Talking Points Ammo, found that many of these fantasy themes were developed by the Institute of Public Affairs (IPA), a Melbourne-based neoliberal think tank. They were then published in the Australian news media – first via op-eds written by IPA staff and associate scholars, and then by way of ideologically sympathetic newspaper editors, reporters and opinion columnists.

Who is the IPA?

Today, the IPA is a high-profile organisation that consistently rejects the evidence for anthropogenic climate change and opposes mitigation strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Its staff and associate scholars are usually presented as independent experts who provide unbiased commentary.

However, the IPA has had a close relationship with the Liberal Party of Australia since its inception in the early 1940s. The IPA was founded by members of the emerging Liberal Party in the early 1940s. Since then, a number of the IPA’s staff – including current executive director John Roskam – have either run for public office as Liberal candidates or worked as staffers for Liberal MPs.

Environmentalists are green on the outside, but suspiciously red when opened. leff/Flickr

Despite its non-profit status, the IPA accepts significant donations from corporate sponsors such as the tobacco industry as well as the fossil fuel, mining and energy industries. These benefit from the IPA’s use of the news media to promote political agendas that serve the interests of those sponsors.

Finally there is the IPA’s board of directors, which usually includes senior Liberal Party figures and senior mining and energy company executives.

News media outlets have just reported that one of the IPA’s associate scholars and most prominent climate contrarians, Professor Bob Carter, is allegedly receiving funds from the Heartland Institute, a US think tank that also rejects the scientific consensus on climate change.

Who is saying what and where

In my recent article I report an analysis of three datasets:

  • magazine articles published in The IPA Review between 1989 and 2009

  • opinion pieces written by IPA senior staff and published in Australian newspapers between 1989 and 2009.

  • editorials and opinion columns that praised IPA associate scholar Ian Plimer and his book Heaven & Earth during April-June 2009, in the lead-up to the first Australian parliamentary debates on introducing an emissions trading scheme.

Using a combination of Discourse Analysis and Fantasy Theme Analysis, the study identified nine discrete anti-climate-science fantasy themes developed by the IPA and published in the Australian news media.

(Discourse Analysis takes into account the practices associated with the production and consumption of media texts. This study examined media texts for their immediate content as well as their relationship to other texts. Fantasy Theme Analysis takes a structured look at the narratives that express a group’s dramatic interpretation of a real-life event; this includes basic components such as characters and plot lines.)

The nine themes were grouped into two categories. In the first category, “a plea for scientific truth”, there are four fantasy themes:

  • climate scientists as rent-seeking frauds
  • climate scientists as dissent-stifling elite
  • Plimer as Galileo
  • Plimer as the people’s scientist.

The second grouping, “religious, political and economic conspiracies”, includes five fantasy themes:

  • climate science as religion
  • environmentalism as religion
  • climate science as left-wing conspiracy
  • green as the new red
  • climate change mitigation as money-spinning scam.

Climate change: it’s a religion. Universe Catholic Archives

To understand these dramatic themes we use Ernest Bormann’s Symbolic Convergence Theory and Fantasy Theme Analysis. As Bormann explains:

“When someone dramatizes an event he or she must select certain people to be the focus of the story and present them in a favorable light while selecting others to be portrayed in a more negative fashion … Interpreting events in terms of human action allows us to assign responsibility, to praise or blame, to arouse and propitiate guilt, to hate, and to love.”

Thus, a fantasy theme is a dramatised morality-based narrative driven by stock characters such as heroes and villains.

In the study’s first grouping of fantasy themes, “the plea for scientific truth”, climate scientists are portrayed as villains whose published research forms the basis of the scientific consensus on climate change. The heroes are contrarian or “sceptic” scientists who reject the scientific consensus and speak truth to power at the risk of incurring the wrath of the iron-fisted “establishment”.

It’s all a conspiracy

These fantasy themes tell the story of a global cabal of climate scientists who are consumed with protecting their privileged status and blind to the “reality” that anthropogenic climate change has no evidentiary basis. The primary plot line sees this powerful scientific elite dominating and controlling the field of climate science and suppressing the “scientific truth” by persecuting the scientific voices of dissent.

Rajendra Pachauri and Ban Ki-Moon conspiring to institute a New World Order. United Nations

In the second category of fantasy themes, “religious, political and economic conspiracies”, by far the most frequently used fantasy theme was “climate science as religion”. This theme enables evidence-based scientific conclusions to be dismissed as an arbitrary set of beliefs or dogma.

The plot line of the fantasy theme “climate science as left-wing political conspiracy” sees the environmental religion’s leftist allies (Labor and Green political parties, and even the United Nations) using climate change as a “scare tactic”. The aim is to consolidate their political power, increase taxes to redistribute wealth, and impose a New World Order that will compromise national sovereignty and restrict personal freedoms.

These two fantasy themes serve to delegitimise the most vocal social groups who support action on climate change: the environmental movement and the political left. They are portrayed not as people rationally responding to a real environmental threat identified by the science. They are variously cast as irrational religious fundamentalists following a doomsday cult or as left-wing conspirators cynically using a fabricated or exaggerated threat to pursue political goals.

A good story can take you a long way

Together, these fantasy themes construct a rhetorical vision – an alternative reality – that is consistent with the ideology promoted by neoliberal think tanks such as the IPA and the hostility they provoke towards traditional “enemies” such as the environmental movement and the political left.

These fantasy themes serve as important markers of group identity for the IPA and its coalition of associate scholars, editors, opinion columnists and readers. They repeat the narratives – for example, in letters to the editor or in online comments or discussion forums. This repetition is a strong indication that they see themselves as members of the group.

Finally, the chaining out of these fantasy themes through the news media serves to build and sustain the rhetorical community. It also continues to propagate doubt about the reality, causes and consequences of climate change. And once doubt is sown, the game is changed. Whether you can back up your statements or not, creating doubt, making a non-contentious issue contentious, entirely reframes the debate.

In this case, the fantasy themes are helping to build and sustain a social movement that has at its core a deep and abiding suspicion of climate science, climate scientists and anyone who accepts the scientific consensus. This further serves to justify inaction on climate change.

 

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26 Comments

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  1. Tim Scanlon

    Tim Scanlon

    Climate and Agronomic Extension at Department of Agriculture and Food – Western Australia

    Score: +11

    insightful +
    unconstructive –

    The tactics and payments oil companies have made to think tanks that are anti-science have recently been exposed. Internal company documents have come to light showing the fraudulent practices of the people involved.

    http://www.skepticalscience.com/denialgate-heartland.html
    http://www.desmogblog.com/heartland-confirms-it-mistakenly-emailed-internal-documents
    http://www.desmogblog.com/heartland-institute-exposed-internal-documents-unmask-heart-climate-denial-machine
    http://www.desmogblog.com/mashey-report-confirms-heartland-s-manipulation-exposes-singer-s-deception

    This needs even bigger media coverage than the specious accusations leveled at climate scientists. This is documented fraud, not someone’s opinion.

    • about 16 hours ago
      1. Marc Hendrickx

        Marc Hendrickx

        Geologist

        logged in via email @gmail.com

        Score: -10

        insightful +
        unconstructive –

        Tim, can you please clarify your claims of fraud on this. It appears the only fraud here is on the part of those (one presumes them to be CAGW activists) who have acquired and disseminated the documents. For it seems that one document, that has been the focus of much attention is a fake, and a very clumsily one at that. Anthony Watts has a concise post on this at WUWT.

        http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/02/15/notes-on-the-fake-heartland-document/

        None of the climategate emails were faked.

        • about 13 hours ago
          1. Tim Scanlon

            Tim Scanlon

            Climate and Agronomic Extension at Department of Agriculture and Food – Western Australia

            Score: +8

            insightful +
            unconstructive –

            Marc you are still in denial. Lakely confirmed the validity of the documents and how they were emailed to people.

            Denier fraudsters are just in damage control, trying to convince everyone they aren’t anti-science, when they are.

            Oh, and those hacked emails, I’ve actually read them and not just the cherry picked quotes. There is nothing but scientists discussing science there.

            • about 11 hours ago
              1. Marc Hendrickx

                Marc Hendrickx

                Geologist

                logged in via email @gmail.com

                Score: -11

                insightful +
                unconstructive –

                Tim follow the link. It should be easy for Heartland to provide the original email.

                lets see “scientists discussing science” you say…

                Tim Mitchell #0051: Our Wednesday lunchtime Bible study course on John’s Gospel finished last week, so in half an hour we will be gathering some of the regulars together to sit in the sunshine and talk. Perhaps the more informal structure will allow one or two of the students to open up to us? The Lod knows…

                Ben Santer 125510087: “Next time I see Pat…

                show full comment

                • about 11 hours ago
                  1. Tim Scanlon

                    Tim Scanlon

                    Climate and Agronomic Extension at Department of Agriculture and Food – Western Australia

                    Score: +2

                    insightful +
                    unconstructive –

                    And you cherry pick again Marc.

                    Interesting that you would link to Anthony Watts’ comments, seeing as how he was one of the people shown to have been paid off. We knew he took money from big oil and Heartland to go on his pointless crusade (weather stations located in bad places, really? Can’t think why they adjust data then. Not that weather has anything to do with climate).

                    I see he gets paid roughly $100,000 per year by Heartleand/Big oil to run a denial webpage now. Talk about vested interest.

                    • about 8 hours ago
                      1. Marc Hendrickx

                        Marc Hendrickx

                        Geologist

                        logged in via email @gmail.com

                        Score: -3

                        insightful +
                        unconstructive –

                        I have passed on your comments to Anthony and his legal team and provided them with Andrew Jaspan’s email address. You are lying, defaming Watts and making this site open to legal action. At the the very least an an apology is in order. Here’s what Anthony Watts is doing with the money from Heartland. Surprising that you would not support such an altruistic endeavour that will not cost the public a cent.

                        “They do not regularly fund me nor my WUWT website, I take no salary from them of any kind…

                        show full comment

                        • about 2 hours ago
                          1. Davoe McNamee

                            Davoe McNamee

                            logged in via email @gmail.com

                            Score: +2

                            insightful +
                            unconstructive –

                            Oh the Irony. Anthony Watts suing for defamation. This from the guy who implied Michael Mann was involved in the child-sex scandal at Penn State.
                            One suspects Tim Scanlon will sleep easily without any knocks on the door from Watt’s lawyers.

                          2. Davoe McNamee

                            Davoe McNamee

                            logged in via email @gmail.com

                            Score: +1

                            insightful +
                            unconstructive –

                            Ah Bob it must be the “the BBC, commercial television, all major newspapers, the Royal Society, the Chief Scientist, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of London, David Attenborough, countless haloed-image organisations such as the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, and even Prince Charles himself” at it again.

                          3. Marc Hendrickx

                            Marc Hendrickx

                            Geologist

                            logged in via email @gmail.com

                            Score: -3

                            insightful +
                            unconstructive –

                            Here’s a more detailed description of the project from the Heartland papers:
                            Weather Stations Project
                            Every few months, weathermen report that a temperature record – either high
                            or low – has been broken somewhere in the U.S. This is not surprising, since weather is highly variable and reliable instrument records date back less than 100 years old. Regrettably, news of these broken records is often used by environmental extremists as evidence that human emissions are causing either global warming…

                            show full comment

                          4. Marc Hendrickx

                            Marc Hendrickx

                            Geologist

                            logged in via email @gmail.com

                            Score: -1

                            insightful +
                            unconstructive –

                            More media attention?
                            Leaked Docs From Heartland Institute Cause a Stir—but Is One a Fake?

                            http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/02/leaked-docs-from-heartland-institute-cause-a-stir-but-is-one-a-fake/253165/

                            • 36 minutes ago
                              1. Paul Richards

                                Paul Richards

                                logged in via Twitter

                                Score:

                                insightful +
                                unconstructive –

                                Marc – would it be appropriate to as believe what one of Josef Goebbels minions said in their media about Nazi Party motive? Please give your readers some credit.

                              2. Paul Richards

                                Paul Richards

                                logged in via LinkedIn

                                Score: +7

                                insightful +
                                unconstructive –

                                Elaine – you nailed it, excellent piece now watch the fur fly.

                                This global set of propaganda started by the very same agencies as the tobacco industry used is being see for what it is.

                                Not before time the human collective intelligence is way beyond “Marlboro Man” tactics, it’s transparent to the generations of youth following, who understand and have learned about these strategies in K8 – K12 classes. The time for reckoning is coming “baby boomers” and older, you are gradually becoming redundant.

                                • about 15 hours ago
                                  1. Dale Bloom

                                    Dale Bloom

                                    Laboratory analyst

                                    logged in via email @mail.com

                                    Score: +2

                                    insightful +
                                    unconstructive –

                                    Objection.

                                    Discrimination on the grounds of age.

                                    see Age Discrimination Act 2004

                                    http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ada2004174/

                                    • about 14 hours ago
                                      1. Paul Richards

                                        Paul Richards

                                        logged in via LinkedIn

                                        Score: +2

                                        insightful +
                                        unconstructive –

                                        Dale – noted and apologise for any sensitivities.
                                        There are evolved “baby boomers” here, they know who they are.

                                        • about 8 hours ago
                                          1. Dale Bloom

                                            Dale Bloom

                                            Laboratory analyst

                                            logged in via email @mail.com

                                            Score: -1

                                            insightful +
                                            unconstructive –

                                            Paul,

                                            I won’t argue about it. You carried out age discrimination. Read the act

                                            http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ada2004174/

                                          2. Andy King

                                            Andy King

                                            Physics teacher

                                            logged in via email @bigpond.com

                                            Score: -4

                                            insightful +
                                            unconstructive –

                                            Paul, what would be interesting would be if Elaine was to apply the same critical techniques to the proponents of AGW. Under that constructivist form of scrutiny, that particular viewpoint would not look particularly valid. As it stands her argument adds nothing to the debate and is little more than a hatchett job on a view to which she is clearly opposed – warm & fuzzy if you agree with her, cold and heartless if you dont.

                                          3. Byron Smith

                                            Byron Smith

                                            PhD candidate in Christian Ethics at University of Edinburgh

                                            Score: +3

                                            insightful +
                                            unconstructive –

                                            Someone has had fun with the images and captions on this excellent article by Ms McKewon. Minor point: the first image does not show a dragon.

                                          4. Gavin Moodie

                                            Gavin Moodie

                                            Principal Policy Adviser

                                            logged in via email @telstra.com

                                            Score:

                                            insightful +
                                            unconstructive –

                                            It is interesting that the IPA and other right wingers call climate science and environmentalism pejoratively a religion, when presumably most of them or their supporters are conservative christians.

                                          5. Marc Hendrickx

                                            Marc Hendrickx

                                            Geologist

                                            logged in via email @gmail.com

                                            Score: -14

                                            insightful +
                                            unconstructive –

                                            Bob Carter pulls in $1550 a month from the private Heartland Institute to promote climate rationalism and this is somehow a scandal? His relationship with Heartland is no secret, he is an author of the Heartland funded NIPCC summary report. The amount Carter gets is 10x less than Climate Commissioner Tim Flannery syphons from the public’s threadbare purse as the government’s number one agent for alarmist climate propaganda and billions less than the cost of Flannery’s advice and dodgy weather predictions…

                                            show full comment

                                          6. Marc Hendrickx

                                            Marc Hendrickx

                                            Geologist

                                            logged in via email @gmail.com

                                            Score: -14

                                            insightful +
                                            unconstructive –

                                            Elaine,
                                            All the points you raise have been used by proponents of AGW. So no intellectual honesty in your study then. Shame.

                                            dissenting climate scientists as rent-seeking frauds
                                            dissenting climate scientists as dissent-stifling elite
                                            Hansen as Galileo
                                            Hansen as the people’s scientist.
                                            Non alarmist climate science as religion
                                            Non alarmist climate science as a new creationism
                                            non alarmist climate science as right-wing conspiracy
                                            Nuclear energy as a money-spinning scam.

                                            • about 15 hours ago
                                              1. Eclipse Now

                                                Eclipse Now

                                                Manager of design firm

                                                logged in via email @optusnet.com.au

                                                Score: +2

                                                insightful +
                                                unconstructive –

                                                Hi Marc,
                                                the biggest point against the dissenting climate scientists is not the scientists, or the funding, but the science. And the fact that the tired old myths they push again and again and again have been debunked and addressed in the peer-reviewed literature. So they dig up a Denialist fan base and guess what they do? Repeat the myths again! It’s only fair. They can’t get published in the peer-reviewed literature, so they go outside it and write science fiction like Ian Plimer’s ‘Heaven and Earth’, one of the worst pieces of anti-science agit-prop ever written. Funny how geologists set themselves up as climate experts. But hey, as a discipline you guys seem genetically predisposed to Denialism. Almost makes me think of that recent kid’s movie “Avatar: the last air-bender”. Experts in earth and air seemed to be old enemies.

                                                • about 12 hours ago
                                                  1. Marc Hendrickx

                                                    Marc Hendrickx

                                                    Geologist

                                                    logged in via email @gmail.com

                                                    Score: -10

                                                    insightful +
                                                    unconstructive –

                                                    Mr Now.
                                                    (If that is your real name), The peer reviewed literature increasingly indicates that IPCC climate models have overstated the climate’s response to human activity, be it through increased emissions of greenhouse gases, or landuse change or other factors. This is not to say we will not face challenges in the future as we put increasing pressure on our surroundings, Thankfully the science has shown that the climate Armageddon favoured by a few has a low probability of eventuating.
                                                    Avatar (the one with the tall blue smurfs) is a good analogy for the propaganda activists, (such as yourself) have been spruiking.

                                                  2. Bruce Moon

                                                    Bruce Moon

                                                    Bystander!

                                                    logged in via email @imap.cc

                                                    Score: -1

                                                    insightful +
                                                    unconstructive –

                                                    Elaine

                                                    I have a concern with your article.

                                                    First, let me say I have no concern with you contrasting the views of the IPA – a looney right entity of political conservatism – with the established scientific view towards climate change.

                                                    The concern I have appears minor, but I suggest serves to undermine the credibility of your argument.

                                                    My concern is that you only canvas the views of the established scientific view towards climate change and those of the looney right IPA.

                                                    Despite the strongly held views of the established scientific view towards climate change, there are other credible alternate views about this phenomena. My concern is it would have been preferable had you at least acknowledged that those other views exist, before then seeking to debunk the biased views presented by the looney right IPA. That way, you would have shown you were not engaging in the bigger debate, rather, just targeting the politics of the looney right.

                                                    Cheers

                                                  3. Sean Lamb

                                                    Sean Lamb

                                                    logged in via Facebook

                                                    Score: -5

                                                    insightful +
                                                    unconstructive –

                                                    Ha!

                                                    I always knew it. The Liberal Party hates children and wants them all to drown or whatever disastrous outcome it is this month.

                                                    Actually the messianism is by no means limited to Climate Change deniers on this issue.

                                                    Anyway the mark of a good theory is the ability to make predictions – thus far the record of Climate Change scientists on that score has been somewhat less than stellar.

                                                  4. Simon Chapman

                                                    Simon Chapman

                                                    Professor of Public Health at University of Sydney

                                                    Score:

                                                    insightful +
                                                    unconstructive –

                                                    The most amusing thing about “think tanks” is the way they seem to crave status as genuine seats of scholarship. They typically call themselves “Institutes”, you know, like Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the National Cancer Institute or the Institute Pasteur. The allow their staff to be called “Fellows”, you know, like Oxford dons. They publish occasional papers. The grain-fed new-fogeyist types who work there have often never had any other job or life experience beyond undergraduate Labor…

                                                    show full comment

                                                  5. James Walker

                                                    James Walker

                                                    logged in via Facebook

                                                    Score: -1

                                                    insightful +
                                                    unconstructive –

                                                    So, why can a fairy tale get up and stay up?

                                                    Because the general public have no reason to trust anyone. We can’t get access to the original scientific research (yet – https://theconversation.edu.au/spread-the-word-scientists-are-tearing-down-publishers-walls-5098 – so there’s hope).

                                                    Our schools are a joke, so we lack the background scientific education to understand what is going on (consider how the phrase “just a theory” demonstrates a misunderstanding of what a scientific theory *is…

                                                    show full comment

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